Executive Summary
Between 16 and 22 August 2026, 9,215 hotspots were detected within corporate concession boundaries in West Kalimantan, across 286 permit-holding companies. They occurred in three concession categories: forest utilisation business licensing areas (PBPH), with 2,190 hotspots; oil-palm plantations, with 3,124; and mining areas, with 3,901, including bauxite, gold and other minerals.
Ketapang Regency recorded the highest number, 5,200—more than half the provincial total and far above Sanggau, in second place with 734. The findings demonstrate a strong concentration of forest and land fires in corporate-controlled areas, requiring serious attention and firm action by the relevant authorities against the permit holders concerned.
Background and Methodology
Forest and land fires are an annual problem in West Kalimantan, damaging ecosystems, air quality and surrounding communities’ lives. This analysis identifies hotspots within PBPH, oil-palm plantation and mining concessions to inform advocacy directed at permit holders and other stakeholders.
Data Sources and Period
- Hotspot data come from NASA FIRMS (Fire Information for Resource Management System), VIIRS J1 (NOAA-21) sensor, Collection 2, Near Real-Time (NRT).
- The study covers 16–22 August 2026. Some comparison maps use 24 July and 8–18 August 2026 data to trace changes over time.
- Concession boundaries—PBPH, oil-palm business permits and mining permits—were overlaid with hotspots in ArcGIS/QGIS to identify detections inside or directly adjacent to concession areas.
- Maps in Part III are organised by company/concession and show concession polygons, hotspot distributions and affected administrative locations: villages, districts and regencies.
Main Findings
Hotspots by Regency
The following table summarises hotspots within corporate concessions by the regency where those concessions are located.
| Regency | Hotspots |
| Ketapang | 5.200 |
| Sanggau | 734 |
| Melawi | 570 |
| Kubu Raya | 491 |
| Sintang | 401 |
| Kayong Utara | 397 |
| Landak | 381 |
| Sekadau | 344 |
| Kapuas Hulu | 323 |
| Bengkayang | 121 |
| Sambas | 92 |
| Mempawah | 84 |
| Kota Singkawang | 7 |
| Kota Pontianak | 0 |
Concession Categories
| Category | Companies | Hotspots |
| PBPH | 55 | 2.190 |
| Oil-Palm Plantations | 231 | 3.124 |
| Mining (Bauxite, Gold, Other) | 97 (bauxite+gold) | 3.901 |
| TOTAL | 286 | 9.215 |
Ten PBPH Companies with the Most Hotspots
| Company | Hotspots |
| PT Hutan Ketapang IND (d.h. Kertas Basuki R) | 541 |
| PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa | 263 |
| PT Wanakerta Ekalestari | 257 |
| PT Finnantara Intiga | 124 |
| PT Mahkota Rimba Utama | 122 |
| PT Mayawana Persada | 118 |
| PT Prima Bumi Sentosa | 116 |
| PT Inhutani III Nangapinoh | 102 |
| PT Suka Jaya Makmur | 60 |
| PT Wana Subur Persada | 56 |
Ten Oil-Palm Plantation Companies with the Most Hotspots
| Company | Hotspots |
| PT Arrtu Energie Resources | 315 |
| PT Sinar Karya Mandiri | 280 |
| PT Bojong Permai | 154 |
| PT Karya Bakti Agro Sejahtera 3 | 93 |
| PT Kayung Agro Lestari | 86 |
| PT Kalbar Inti Plantation | 80 |
| PT Sebukit Inter Nusa | 75 |
| PT Prana Reksa Karya | 67 |
| PT Kalimantan Agro Lestari | 63 |
| PT Kebun Aria | 48 |
Ten Mining Companies with the Most Hotspots
| Company | Mining Type | Hotspots |
| PT Laman Mining | Bauxite | 253 |
| PT Cita Mineral Investindo | Bauxite | 162 |
| PT Putra Alam Lestari | Bauxite | 90 |
| PT Priyanka Shona | Gold | 23 |
| PT Bukit Belawan Tujuh | Gold | 22 |
| PT Tamindo Mutiara Perkasa | Bauxite | 53 |
| PT Casanamatra Kencana | Bauxite | 52 |
| PT Bintangar Maju Abadi | Bauxite | 49 |
| PT Segoro Global Mandiri | Gold | 21 |
| PT Serinding Sumber Makmur | Gold | 21 |
Corporate Ownership and Group Affiliations
This section presents research into the ownership and corporate-group affiliations of companies with the most hotspots in the three concession categories—PBPH, oil-palm plantations and mining—listed in Part III. Information was compiled from open sources available as of August 2026, including news reports, official websites, public summaries/RKUPHHK documents and corporate financial statements, alongside official mining-sector records from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources’ Minerba Information System (Minerbaone). Ownership is dynamic and can change at any time. Where media reports differ from official records, Minerbaone data or legal documents are treated as the primary reference.
A. PBPH (Forestry) Concessions
| Company | Group / Parent | Share Ownership | Notes |
| PT Hutan Ketapang Industri | Formerly Sampoerna Agro → Sampoerna Agri Resources Pte Ltd (SARPL) | Formerly 99.99% (via PT Sungai Menang) | Divested by SGRO to SARPL, November 2025 (Rp1.56 trillion); remains affiliated with the Putera Sampoerna family |
| PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa | PT Inti Alam Raharja | — | – |
| PT Wanakerta Ekalestari | Sinar Mas/APP | Not identified | Recorded timber supplier to APP Group |
| PT Finnantara Intiga | Sinar Mas/APP | Nordic Forest Dev. 21,814 shares; Purinusa Ekapersada 5 shares | Initially a Nordic Forest Dev./Inhutani III/Gudang Garam joint venture (1996) |
| PT Mahkota Rimba Utama | Not identified | — | Industrial timber plantation, approximately 74,480 ha (SK.555/Menhut-II/2009) |
| PT Mayawana Persada | Alas Kusuma Group | 50% Green Ascend, Malaysia (since 2023) | Sister company: Suka Jaya Makmur & Sari Bumi Kusuma |
| PT Prima Bumi Sentosa | Not identified | — | Industrial timber plantation, approximately 70,080 ha; sealed in 2019 |
| PT Inhutani III Nangapinoh | State-owned Perhutani Group | Republic of Indonesia 1 Series A share; Perhutani 523,814 Series B shares | Merged into PT Inhutani I, 2022–2023 |
| PT Suka Jaya Makmur | Alas Kusuma Group | — | Sister company: Mayawana Persada |
| PT Wana Subur Persada | Not identified | — | PBPH-HT approximately 42,735 ha, Ketapang and Sekadau |
B. Oil-Palm Plantation Concessions
| Company | Group / Parent | Share Ownership | Notes |
| PT Arrtu Energie Resources | Rajawali/Eagle High (Peter Sondakh) | Formerly BWPT 95% | — |
| PT Sinar Karya Mandiri | Gozco Plantations (GZCO), through PT Suryabumi Agrolanggeng | Through Suryabumi Agrolanggeng 99.92%; Daniel Lianto 0.08% | Ultimate controller: Tjandra Mindharta Gozali |
| PT Bojong Permai | Not identified | — | — |
| PT Karya Bakti Agro Sejahtera 3 | Bumitama Group | — | — |
| PT Kayung Agro Lestari | ANJ Group | via PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri | — |
| PT Kalbar Inti Plantation | Not identified | — | RSPO member; approximately 6,478 ha, Melawi |
| PT Sebukit Inter Nusa | Not identified | — | ±8.170 ha, Kubu Raya |
| PT Prana Reksa Karya | Not identified | — | Not an RSPO member; approximately 20,976 ha, Sanggau |
| PT Kalimantan Agro Lestari | Not identified | — | Not an RSPO member; approximately 27,059 ha, Kayong Utara |
| PT Kebun Aria | Not identified | — | Previously reported to have abandoned approximately 4,000 ha, Landak |
C. Mining Concessions
| Company | Group / Parent | Share Ownership | Notes |
| PT Laman Mining | Supreme Global Investment; BUMI Resources Tbk (Bakrie/Salim Group) | Supreme Global Investment 98.6%; Supreme Alam Resources 1.4% | BUMI Resources Tbk (Bakrie/Salim Group) acquiring 45% (in progress, targeted October 2026); searched by the West Kalimantan High Prosecutor’s Office in January 2026 |
| PT Cita Mineral Investindo | Harita Group (Lim family) | Harita Jayaraya 60.63%; public 39.37% | 8 mining permits, approximately 107,502 ha, Ketapang |
| PT Putra Alam Lestari | Not identified | Not registered in Minerbaone | ±3.500 ha, Kendawangan |
| PT Priyanka Shona | Not identified | Not registered in Minerbaone | — |
| PT Bukit Belawan Tujuh | — | Nur’Aini 80%; JP Setioharnowo 20% (Indonesian citizens) | Media previously linked it to Alas Kusuma and Chinese investors; not reflected in official records |
| PT Tamindo Mutiara Perkasa | Foreign (Hong Kong/China) | Mineral Makmur Sejahtera 69.87% (Hong Kong); Bentech Ltd 0.13% (PRC); Paul Sugandi 20%; Po Suwandi 10% | Shares directors/commissioners with PT Bintangan Maju Abadi |
| PT Casanamatra Kencana | — | Santony 85%; PT Mahkota Karya Utama 15% | Shares an office with Bintangar Maju Abadi (Sanggau) |
| PT Bintangar Maju Abadi | — | Not yet recorded in Minerbaone | Shares directors Paul Sugandi/Po Suwandi with PT Tamindo; shares an office with Casanamatra Kencana |
| PT Segoro Global Mandiri | Not identified | Not registered in Minerbaone | — |
| PT Serinding Sumber Makmur | — | Jalinankasih Sesama 40%; 16 other individual shareholders |
A Decade of Recurring Fires within Corporate Concessions, 2015–2025
This section summarises news and reports concerning companies linked to forest and land fires in West Kalimantan from 2015 to 2025. Across the decade, several companies repeatedly appear as experiencing or allegedly causing fires in their concessions, without sustained enforcement culminating in definitive permit revocation.
2015
In 2015, the Environment and Forestry Ministry (KLHK) announced 23 companies sanctioned after being proven responsible for forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan. West Kalimantan recorded 16,136 hectares burned that year. Three of the 23 corporate entities were in the province: two industrial timber plantation companies and one oil-palm plantation company.
| Type | Company | Sanction Type |
| HTI | PT Mega Alam Sentosa PT Buana Megatama Jaya | Environmental-permit revocation; permit suspension |
| Oil-Palm Plantations | PT Bumi Sawit Sejahtera | Government coercive measures |
Source: KLHK.
2018
Fires recurred in 2018, with 9,819 hotspots in West Kalimantan, nearly three times the 2017 figure of 3,488. Hotspots also appeared in concessions belonging to Bumitama and First Resources, named as groups without specific entities, prompting KLHK to inspect and seal five plantation companies in Kubu Raya.
| Type | Company | Notes |
| Oil-Palm Plantations | PT Sumatera Unggul Makmur | Sealed; according to Greenpeace, fires have recurred every year since 2013 |
| PT Putra Lirik Domas | Sealed | |
| PT Agro Alam Nusantara | Sealed | |
| PT Agro Park Lestari | Sealed | |
| PT RJP | Sealed |
Source: Mongabay Indonesia, 30 August 2018.
2019
In 2019, Governor H. Sutarmidji, S.H., M.Hum proposed revoking 15 companies’ permits—nine oil-palm plantations and six industrial timber plantations—because fires had been established within their concessions:
| Type | Company |
| Oil-Palm Plantations | PT Global Kalimantan Makmur; PT Sumatera Unggul Makmur; PT Mitra Andalan Sejahtera; PT Putra Lirik Domas; PT Sungai Putri Agro Sawit; PT Ikhtiar Gusti Pudi; PT Sinar Karya Mandiri; PT Arrtu Borneo Perkebunan; PT Arrtu Energi Resources |
| HTI | PT Unggul Karya Inti Jaya; PT Duta Andalan Sukses; PT Muara Sungai Landak; PT Hutan Ketapang Industri; PT Prima Bumi Sentosa; PT Tri Agronusa Sejahtera |
Earlier, KLHK had also sealed 26 plantation companies whose concessions burned in West Kalimantan:
| Type | Company |
| Oil-Palm Plantations | Sanggau : PT Global Kalimantan Makmur, PT Kebun Ganda Prima, PT Mitra Austral Sejahtera, PT Sime Indo Agro; Sekadau : PT Kalimantan Bina Permai; Kubu Raya : PT Putra Lirik Domas, ; PT Sumatera Unggul Makmur, PT Bumi Perkasa Gemilang; Ketapang : PT TANS, PT Sungai Putri Agro Sawit, PT Arrtu Borneo Perkebunan, PT Arrtu Energi Resources, PT Sinar Karya Mandiri, PT Kayung Agro Lestari, PT Limpah Sejahtera, PT Sukses Karya Sawit; Sambas : PT Bumi Mekar Hijau; Melawi : PT Rafi Kamajaya Abadi; Landak : PT Ichtiar Gusti Pudi, PT NI; Mempawah : PT Mitra Andalan Sejahtera, PT SP; |
| HTI | Ketapang : PT Prima Bumi Sentosa, PT Hutan Ketapang Industri. Sanggau : PT Finantara Intiga, PT Duta Andalan Sukses; Sintang : PT Unggul Karya Inti Jaya; Mempawah : PT Muara Sungai Landak; |
2023
In 2023, KLHK again sealed burned concession areas at four companies: three industrial timber plantations and one oil-palm plantation.
| Type | Company | Location | Area Burned |
| HTI | PT Mayangkara Tanaman Industri Unit 1 Jelai | — | 1.151 ha |
| PT CG (Condong Garut) | — | 267 ha | |
| PT FWL (Fajar Wana Lestari) | 121,24 ha | ||
| Oil-Palm Plantations | PT SUM (Sumatera Unggul Makmur) | — | 168,2 ha |
Source: ANTARA, “KLHK Segel Lahan di Areal Konsesi yang Terbakar di Kalimantan Barat”.
2025
Walhi West Kalimantan’s 2025 report identified 194 companies suspected of having fires. The ten entities with the most hotspots in oil-palm and industrial timber concessions were:
Oil-Palm HGU Concessions
| Company | Hotspots |
| PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Parindu) | 276 |
| PT Arvena Sepakat | 167 |
| PT Daya Landak Plantation | 124 |
| PT Sumatera Makmur Lestari | 119 |
| PT Kebun Ganda Prima | 118 |
| PT Sebukit Internusa | 116 |
| PT Sime Agro Indo | 89 |
| PT Mitra Austral Sejahtera | 86 |
| PT Prana Indah Gemilang | 86 |
| PT Agri Sentral Lestari | 62 |
Industrial Timber/PBPH Concessions
| Company | Hotspots |
| PT Finnantara Intiga | 676 |
| PT Prima Bumi Sentosa | 255 |
| PT Mahkota Rimba Utama | 238 |
| PT Nitiyasa Idola | 168 |
| PT Wana Hijau Pesaguan | 135 |
| PT Boma Plantation | 118 |
| PT Mayawana Persada | 96 |
| PT Bumi Mekar Hijau | 79 |
| PT Inhutani III Nanga Pinoh | 77 |
| PT Mitra Jaya Nusaindah | 76 |
Source: Walhi West Kalimantan, “WALHI Laporkan 194 Perusahaan yang Terduga Terbakar”.
Companies with Repeated Fires, 2015–2025
The decade of records shows several companies repeatedly appearing in fire-related reporting without definitive permit revocation. Some also reappear among the largest hotspot contributors in this report’s 16–22 August 2026 analysis, indicating that sanctions imposed since 2015–2019 have not broken the cycle in the same concessions.
The most prominent records are:
- PT Arrtu Energie Resources: sealed and proposed for permit revocation by KLHK in 2019, alongside affiliated PT Arrtu Borneo Perkebunan. Seven years later it has the most hotspots of any company in this report: 315, first in the oil-palm category. This is the most significant finding of the retrospective research, showing that the 2019 sanctions did not stop the concession’s fire pattern.
- PT Sinar Karya Mandiri: sealed and investigated by KLHK in 2019; now second in oil palm in 2026, with 280 hotspots.
- PT Sumatera Unggul Makmur: fires recorded since 2013 according to Greenpeace; sealed in 2018; proposed for permit revocation and sealed again in 2019; sealed once more in 2023, with 168.2 hectares burned.
- PT Finnantara Intiga: sealed by KLHK in 2019; highest industrial timber/PBPH hotspot contributor across West Kalimantan in 2025, with 676; fourth in this report’s 2026 PBPH category, with 124.
- PT Prima Bumi Sentosa: proposed for permit revocation and sealed in 2019; among the highest in Walhi’s 2025 industrial timber category, with 255; seventh in this report’s 2026 PBPH category, with 116—appearing three times in seven years.
- PT Hutan Ketapang Industri: proposed for permit revocation and sealed by KLHK in 2019; now the highest hotspot contributor in the 2026 PBPH category.
- PT Mayawana Persada: 96 hotspots in Walhi’s 2025 industrial timber/PBPH data; sixth in the 2026 PBPH category, with 118.
- PT Kayung Agro Lestari: sealed by KLHK in Ketapang in 2019; fifth in the 2026 oil-palm category, with 86.
- PT Sebukit Internusa: 116 hotspots in Walhi’s 2025 report; seventh in the 2026 oil-palm category, with 75.
- PT Mahkota Rimba Utama: 238 hotspots and third in industrial timber in 2025; fifth in the 2026 PBPH category, with 122.
- PT Inhutani III Nangapinoh: 77 hotspots in Walhi’s 2025 report; eighth in 2026 PBPH, with 102.
- PT Kebun Ganda Prima: sealed by KLHK in Sanggau in 2019; fires recorded again in 2025, with 118 hotspots, fifth in oil palm.
- PT Mitra Austral Sejahtera: sealed by KLHK in Sanggau in 2019; fires recorded again in 2025, with 86 hotspots, eighth in oil palm.
- PT Bumi Mekar Hijau: sealed by KLHK in Sambas in 2019; fires again in 2025, with 79 hotspots, eighth in industrial timber.
Of approximately 15 distinct entities with recurring fire records since 2015, seven remain among the highest hotspot contributors in this report’s 16–22 August 2026 data: Arrtu Energie Resources, Sinar Karya Mandiri, Finnantara Intiga, Prima Bumi Sentosa, Hutan Ketapang Industri, Mayawana Persada and Kayung Agro Lestari. This is strong evidence that repeated sealing and administrative sanctions since 2015 have failed to deter violations, reinforcing the urgency of escalating penalties to definitive permit revocation for repeat offenders.
Sanctions under Scrutiny: Four of Six Companies Sanctioned by the Forestry Ministry Already Feature among Repeat Offenders
On 25 August 2026, the Forestry Ministry announced administrative sanctions against six PBPH permit holders in Kalimantan for recurring fires in their management areas, affecting a total of 1,511.55 hectares. Four are in West Kalimantan and feature among this analysis’s ten PBPH companies with the most hotspots: PT Wanakerta Ekalestari (WEL), PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa (MPK), PT Finnantara Intiga (FI) and PT Wana Subur Persada (WSP).
| Company | Area Burned (ha) | Sanctions |
| PT Wanakerta Ekalestari (WEL) | 760,51 | Government coercive measures |
| PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa (MPK) | 394,83 | Business-permit suspension and government coercive measures |
| PT Wana Subur Persada (WSP) | 107,70 | Government coercive measures |
| PT Finnantara Intiga (FI) | 95,87 | Government coercive measures |
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
- During 16–22 August 2026, hotspots in West Kalimantan concentrated within corporate-controlled concessions: 9,215 across 286 companies.
- Ketapang was most affected, accounting for more than half the province’s hotspots.
- Companies including PT Hutan Ketapang IND, PT Arrtu Energie Resources, PT Sinar Karya Mandiri and PT Laman Mining show very high, recurring hotspot concentrations, including an upward trend in time-comparison maps.
- On 25 August 2026, the Forestry Ministry imposed administrative sanctions on four West Kalimantan PBPH companies identified in this report—PT Wanakerta Ekalestari, PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa, PT Finnantara Intiga and PT Wana Subur Persada—for repeated fires covering 1,358.91 hectares in their management areas. PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa received the most severe sanction: suspension of its business permit.
Recommendations
- Escalate corporate criminal proceedings and prioritise permit revocation rather than administrative sanctions alone for companies with violations recurring at least three times in the past decade—especially PT Arrtu Energie Resources, PT Sinar Karya Mandiri, PT Prima Bumi Sentosa and PT Hutan Ketapang Industri. Sealed or sanctioned since 2019, they are now among 2026’s largest hotspot contributors. Repeated warnings, temporary suspensions and government coercive measures have demonstrably failed to deter.
- Urge the competent authorities—KLHK, the Forestry Agency and West Kalimantan’s Environment Agency—to conduct field verification and enforce the law against companies with the most hotspots.
- Create an open, regularly updated database of repeat corporate offenders, maintained by KLHK/the Forestry Ministry/the provincial government, recording sanctions, case status and follow-up for each company. This would allow the public and law-enforcement authorities to monitor effectiveness over time, rather than relying on scattered annual reports that had to be reconstructed manually for this analysis.
- Ensure permit holders fulfil statutory fire-prevention and control duties, including providing firefighting infrastructure and equipment.
- Monitor implementation of the Forestry Ministry’s sanctions against PT Mohairson Pawan Khatulistiwa (business-permit suspension), PT Wanakerta Ekalestari, PT Finnantara Intiga and PT Wana Subur Persada (government coercive measures). Ensure affected peatlands are restored within specified deadlines, and press for escalation to permit revocation if companies fail to comply.