Since Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management came into force, Disaster Risk Assessment (KRB) has been established as a fundamental instrument in Indonesia’s spatial planning system. Yet almost two decades later, its effectiveness in preventing development in disaster-prone areas remains far below expectations. This article critically examines the position of KRB within Indonesia’s spatial planning regulations, using normative analysis and a case study of West Kalimantan Province. Its central finding is that KRB remains trapped in the logic of “soft law”: an advisory instrument without binding operational force. In West Kalimantan, this failure is compounded by three structural factors: concessions that dominate 67% of the land area, structurally embedded inconsistencies in spatial planning, and National Strategic Projects (PSN) that systematically affirm disaster-risk reduction principles. The article argues that the failure of KRB is not a technical failure, but a consequence of a political-economic incentive structure that puts natural-resource exploitation ahead of long-term ecological security.
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